> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.acho.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.acho.io/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md). # Time Functions ## CURRENT\_TIME `CURRENT_TIME([timezone])` **Description:** Return the current time as a time variable. **Input** * **`timezone`**(optional, `STRING`): The default timezone is UTC. You can optionally specify a [time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones). **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` CURRENT_TIME() ``` Result: 18:23:04.347264 ``` CURRENT_TIME("merica/New_York") ``` Result: 14:23:04.347264 ## EXTRACT `EXTRACT(part FROM time)` **Description** Return a part of the given time object. **Input** * **`part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, or HOUR (See more [details](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#details-about-date_part)) * **`time`**: a `TIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `INTEGER` **Example** ``` EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIME "15:30:00") ``` Result: 15 ## TIME `TIME(time_expression,[timezone])` **Description:** Convert a string, timestamp, or datetime expression to a time variable in a "hh-mm-ss" format. Input * **`time_expression`**: a `STRING`, `TIMESTAMP`, or `DATETIME` object or column * **`timezone`**: (optional, `STRING`) It is only available for `TIMESTAMP` inputs. The default timezone is UTC. You can optionally specify a [time zone.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones) **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` TIME(TIMESTAMP("2020-12-25 15:30:00+08")) ``` Result: 07:30:00 ``` TIME(TIMESTAMP("2020-12-25 15:30:00+08"), "America/Los_Angeles") ``` Result: 23:30:00 ## TIME\_ADD `TIME_ADD(time, INTERVAL integer time_part)` **Description:** Add a specified time interval to the given time. **Input** * **`time_part`**: The unit of the time inteval. It can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR (See more [details](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#details-about-date_part)) * **`integer`**: the number of `time_part` * **`time`**: a `TIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` TIME_ADD(TIME("15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) ``` Result: 15:40:00 ## TIME\_SUB `TIME_SUB(time, INTERVAL integer time_part)` **Description:** Subtract a specified time interval to the given time. T **Input** * **`time_part`**: The unit of the time inteval. It can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR (See more [details](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#details-about-date_part)) * **`integer`**: the number of `time_part` * **`time`**: a `TIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` TIME_SUB(TIME("15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) ``` Result: 15:20:00 ## TIME\_DIFF `TIME_DIFF(time1, time2, time_part)` **Description:** Return the difference between two times(time1-time2). The difference is expressed in the unit of `time_part`. **Input** * **`time1`**: a `TIME` object or column * **`time2`**: a `TIME` object or column * **`time_part`**: The unit of the difference between two times. It can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, or HOUR (See more [details](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#details-about-date_part)) **Return Data Type** `INTEGER` **Example:** ``` TIME_DIFF(TIME("15:30:00"), TIME("14:35:00"), MINUTE) ``` Result: 55 ## TIME\_TRUNC `TIME_TRUNC(time, time_part)` **Description:** Truncate a specific time to the start of a given unit of duration and returns a new time. The unit of duration is defined by `time_part`. **Input** * **`time`**: a `TIME` object or column * **`time_part`**: The unit of duration. It can be one of the following MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR (See more [details](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#details-about-date_part)) **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` TIME_TRUNC(TIME("15:30:00"), HOUR) ``` Result: 15:00:00 ## FORMAT\_TIME `FORMAT_TIME(format, time)` **Description:** Transform a time variable into a string variable in a specific format. To see supported format elements, visit [here](https://docs.acho.io/). **Input** * **`format`**: a `STRING` expression. To see supported format elements, visit [here](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#supported-format-elements). * **`time`**: a `Time` object or column **Return Data Type** `STRING` **Example:** ``` FORMAT_TIME("%R", TIME "15:30:00") ``` Result: 15:30 ## PARSE\_TIME `PARSE_TIMESTAMP(format, time_expression)` **Description:** Convert a string to a time variable according to the specified format. **Input** * **`format`**: a `STRING` expression. To see supported format elements, visit [here](/acho-studio/data-prep-projects/applying-actions/tools/sql-editor/supported-math-functions-in-formula/time-functions.md#supported-format-elements). * **`time_expression`**: a `STRING` object or column **Return Data Type** `TIME` **Example:** ``` PARSE_TIME("%I:%M:%S", "07:30:00") ``` Result: 07:30:00 ## Details about date\_part | Part | Description | | ----------- | ---------------------------- | | MICROSECOND | The microsecond of the time. | | MILLISECOND | The millisecond of the time. | | SECOND | The second of the time. | | MINUTE | The minute of the time. | | HOUR | The hour of the time. | ## Supported Format Elements | Format element | Description | Example | | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | | %H | Return the hour in the 24-hour clock (00-23). | 15 | | %I | Return the hour in the 12-hour clock (01-12). | 03 | | %k | Return the hour (0-23) in the 24-hour clock without leading 0. | 15 | | %l | Return the hour (1-12) in the 12-hour clock without leading 0 | 3 | | %M | Return the minute of the time (00-59). | 31 | | %n | Return a newline character. | | | %P | Return a lowercase "am" or "pm". | pm | | %p | Return an uppercase "AM" or "PM". | PM | | %R | Return the time in a format of "%H:%M". | 15:31 | | %r | Return the time in the 12-hour clock with AM/PM notation. | 03:31:13 PM | | %S | Return the second of the time (00-60). | 13 | | %T | Return the time in a format of %H:%M:%S. | 15:31:13 | | %t | Return a tab character. | | | %X | Return the time in a format of "HH:MM:SS" | 15:31:13 | | %% | Return a single "%" character. | % | | %E#S | Return the seconds with the given number of digits of fractional precision. The "#" should be replaced by a number. |

"%E3S" returns
37.021

| | %E\*S | Return the seconds with full fractional precision. | 37.021851 |