# Datetime Functions ## CURRENT\_DATETIME `CURRENT_DATETIME([time_zone])` **Description** Return the current date and time. **Input** * **`timezone`**(optional, `STRING`): The default timezone is UTC. You can optionally specify a [time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones). **Return Data Type** **`DATETIME`** **Example** ``` CURRENT_DATETIME() ``` Result: 2021-04-26T18:24:38.702355 ``` CURRENT_DATETIME("America/New_York") ``` Result: 2021-04-26T14:24:38.702355 ## DATETIME `DATETIME(datetime_expression)` **Description** Convert a string, timestamp, or date expression to a datetime variable in a "yyyy-mm-dd hh-mm-ss" format. For the timestamp inputs, you can optionally specify a [time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones). **Input** a `STRING`, `TIMESTAMP` object or column **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32") ``` Result: 2020-12-01T14:20:32 ``` DATETIME(TIMESTAMP("2020-12-01 14:20:32+07"), "America/Los_Angeles") ``` Result: 2020-11-30T23:20:32 ## EXTRACT `EXTRACT(date_part FROM datetime_expression)` **Description** Return a part of the datetime object. **Input** * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAYOFWEEK, DAY, DAYOFYEAR, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begin on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, ISOYEAR, DATE, or TIME (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `INTEGER`, except in the following cases: * If `date_part` is `DATE`, returns a `DATE` object. * If `date_part` is `TIME`, returns a `TIME` object. **Example** ``` EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32")) ``` Result: 1 ``` EXTRACT(DAYOFWEEK FROM DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32")) ``` Result: 3 (1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 3=Tuesday....) ## DATETIME\_ADD `DATETIME_ADD(datetime, INTERVAL integer datetime_part)` **Description** Add a specified time interval to the given datetime. **Input** * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAYOFWEEK, DAY, DAYOFYEAR, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begin on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, ISOYEAR, DATE, or TIME (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) * **`integer`**: the number of `date_part` * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) ``` Result: 2020-12-25T15:40:00 ## DATETIME\_SUB `DATETIME_SUB(datetime, INTERVAL integer datetime_part)` **Description** Subtract a specified time interval to a given datetime. **Input** * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) * **`integer`**: the number of `date_part` * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` DATETIME_SUB(DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE) ``` Result: 2020-12-25T15:20:00 ## DATETIME\_DIFF `DATETIME_DIFF(datetime1, datetime2, date_part)` **Description** Return the difference between two datetimes (dateime1-datetime2). The difference is expressed in units of `date_part`. **Input** * **`datetime1`**: a `DATETIME` object or column * **`datetime2`**: a `DATETIME` object or column * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begins on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, or ISOYEAR (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) **Return Data Type** `INTEGER` **Example** ``` DATETIME_DIFF(DATETIME("2020-12-25 10:20:00"), DATETIME("2020-12-20 15:30:00"), DAY) ``` Result: 5 ## DATETIME\_TRUNC `DATETIME_TRUNC(datetime, date_part)` **Description** Truncate a specific datetime to the start of a given unit of duration and returns a new datetime. The unit of duration is defined by `date_part`. **Input** * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, WEEK(), ISOWEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, or ISOYEAR (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` DATETIME_TRUNC(DATETIME("2021-04-10 15:30:00"), HOUR) ``` Result: 2021-04-10T15:00:00 ``` DATETIME_TRUNC(DATETIME("2021-04-10 15:30:00"), MONTH) ``` Result: 2021-04-01T00:00:00 ## FORMAT\_DATETIME `FORMAT_DATETIME(format, datetime)` **Description** Transform a datetime variable into a string variable in a specific format. **Input** * **`format`**: a `STRING` expression. To see supported format elements, visit [here](#supported-format-elements). * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column. **Return Data Type** `STRING` **Example** ``` FORMAT_DATETIME("%b %Y", DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00")) ``` Result: Dec 2020 ## PARSE\_DATETIME `PARSE_DATETIME(format, datetime_expression)` **Description** Convert a string to a datetime variable according to the specified format. **Input** * **`format`**: a `STRING` expression. To see supported format elements, visit [here](#supported-format-elements). * **`datetime_expression`**: a `STRING` object or column. **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` PARSE_DATETIME('%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p', '8/30/2020 2:23:38 PM') ``` Result: 2020-08-30T14:23:38 ## LAST\_DAY `LAST_DAY(datetime, [date_part])` **Description** Extract the last day of a given unit of duration for a given date. The unit of duration is defined by date\_part. This is commonly used to return the last day of the month. * **`datetime`**: a `DATETIME` object or column * **`date_part`**: can be one of the following: YEAR, QUARTER, MONTH, WEEK, WEEK(), ISOWEEK, or ISOYEAR (See more [details](#details-about-date_part)) **Return Data Type** `DATETIME` **Example** ``` LAST_DAY(DATE('2021-03-25'), MONTH) ``` Result: 2021-03-31 ``` LAST_DAY(DATE('2021-03-25'), WEEK) ``` Result: 2021-03-27 ## Details about date\_part | Part | Description | | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | MICROSECOND | The microsecond of the time. | | MILLISECOND | The millisecond of the time. | | SECOND | The second of the time. | | MINUTE | The minute of the time. | | HOUR | The hour of the time. | | DAYOFWEEK | The weekday from 1 to 7 with Sunday as the first day of the week. | | DAY | The day of the month. | | DAYOFYEAR | The day of the year. | | WEEK | The week number of the date from 0 to 53. (Weeks begin with Sunday, and dates prior to the first Sunday of the year are in week 0) | | WEEK(\): | The week number of the date from 0 to 53. (You can optionally specify the first weekday of a week and weeks begin with the weekday that you specified. Dates prior to the first \ of the year are in week 0. Valid values for \ are SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY.) | | ISOWEEK | Returns the ISO 8601 week number of the date from 1 to 53 with Monday as the first day of the week. (The first ISOWEEK of each ISO year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year.) | | MONTH | Return the month of the date. | | QUARTER | Return values in the range between 1 and 4. | | YEAR | Return the month of the year. | | ISOYEAR | Return the ISO 8601 week-numbering year, which is the Gregorian calendar year containing the Thursday of the week to which date\_expression belongs. | | DATE | Return the `DATE` object in a format of "yyyy-mm-dd". | | TIME | Return the `TIME` object in a format of "HH:MM:SS". | ## Supported Format Elements | Format element | Description | Example | | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | | %A | Return the full weekday name. | Tuesday | | %a | Return the abbreviated weekday name. | Tue | | %B | Return the full name of the month. | May | | %b or %h | Return the abbreviated name of the month. | May | | %C | Return the century | 20 | | %c | Return the date and time in a format of "%a %b %e %T %Y" | Tue May 4 15:31:13 2021 | | %D | Return the date in a format of "%m/%d/%y". | 05/04/21 | | %d | Return the day of the month. | 04 | | %e | Return the day of the month without leading 0. | 4 | | %F | Return the date in a format of "%Y-%m-%d" | 2021-05-04 | | %G | Return the [ISO 8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) year with the century. The ISO 8601 year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year. | 2021 | | %g | Return the ISO 8601 year without the century. The ISO 8601 year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year. | 21 | | %H | Return the hour in the 24-hour clock (00-23). | 15 | | %I | Return the hour in the 12-hour clock (01-12). | 03 | | %j | Return the day of the year (001-366). | 124 | | %k | Return the hour (0-23) in the 24-hour clock without leading 0. | 15 | | %l | Return the hour (1-12) in the 12-hour clock without leading 0 | 3 | | %M | Return the minute of the time (00-59). | 31 | | %m | Return the month of the date (01-12). | 05 | | %n | Return a newline character. | | | %P | Return a lowercase "am" or "pm". | pm | | %p | Return an uppercase "AM" or "PM". | PM | | %Q | Return the quarter of the date (1-4). | 2 | | %R | Return the time in a format of "%H:%M". | 15:31 | | %r | Return the time in the 12-hour clock with AM/PM notation. | 03:31:13 PM | | %S | Return the second of the time (00-60). | 13 | | %s | Return the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. | 1620142273 | | %T | Return the time in a format of %H:%M:%S. | 15:31:13 | | %t | Return a tab character. | | | %U | Return the week number (00-53) of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week | 18 | | %u | Return the weekday of the date as 1-7. Monday is the first day of the week. | 2 | | %V | Return the ISO 8601 week number (01-53) of the year. Monday is the first day of the week. If the week containing January 1 has four or more days in the new year, then it returns "week 1". Otherwise, it returns "week 53" of the previous year, and considers the next week as "week 1". | 18 | | %W | Return the week number(00-53) of the year. Monday is the first day of the week. | 18 | | %w | Return the weekday of the date as 0-6. Sunday is the first day of the week. | 2 | | %X | Return the time in a format of "HH:MM:SS" | 15:31:13 | | %x | Return the date in a format of "MM/DD/YY" | 05/04/21 | | %Y | Return the year with the century | 2021 | | %y | Return the year (00-99) without the century with an optional leading zero. Can be mixed with %C. If %C is not specified, years 00-68 are the 2000s, while years 69-99 are the 1900s. | 21 | | %% | Return a single "%" character. | % | | %E#S | Return the seconds with the given number of digits of fractional precision. The "#" should be replaced by a number. |

"%E3S" returns
37.021

| | %E\*S | Return the seconds with full fractional precision. | 37.021851 | | %E4Y | Return the year in 4 digits (0000-9999). | 2021 |