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Datetime Functions

CURRENT_DATETIME

CURRENT_DATETIME([time_zone])

Description

Return the current date and time.

Input

  • timezone(optional, STRING): The default timezone is UTC. You can optionally specify a time zone.

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

CURRENT_DATETIME()

Result: 2021-04-26T18:24:38.702355

CURRENT_DATETIME("America/New_York")

Result: 2021-04-26T14:24:38.702355

DATETIME

DATETIME(datetime_expression)

Description

Convert a string, timestamp, or date expression to a datetime variable in a "yyyy-mm-dd hh-mm-ss" format. For the timestamp inputs, you can optionally specify a time zone.

Input

a STRING, TIMESTAMP object or column

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32")

Result: 2020-12-01T14:20:32

DATETIME(TIMESTAMP("2020-12-01 14:20:32+07"), "America/Los_Angeles")

Result: 2020-11-30T23:20:32

EXTRACT

EXTRACT(date_part FROM datetime_expression)

Description

Return a part of the datetime object.

Input

  • date_part: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAYOFWEEK, DAY, DAYOFYEAR, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begin on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, ISOYEAR, DATE, or TIME (See more details)

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column

Return Data Type

INTEGER, except in the following cases:

  • If date_part is DATE, returns a DATE object.

  • If date_part is TIME, returns a TIME object.

Example

EXTRACT(DAY FROM DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32"))

Result: 1

EXTRACT(DAYOFWEEK FROM DATETIME("2020-12-01 14:20:32"))

Result: 3 (1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 3=Tuesday....)

DATETIME_ADD

DATETIME_ADD(datetime, INTERVAL integer datetime_part)

Description

Add a specified time interval to the given datetime.

Input

  • date_part: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAYOFWEEK, DAY, DAYOFYEAR, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begin on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, ISOYEAR, DATE, or TIME (See more details)

  • integer: the number of date_part

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE)

Result: 2020-12-25T15:40:00

DATETIME_SUB

DATETIME_SUB(datetime, INTERVAL integer datetime_part)

Description

Subtract a specified time interval to a given datetime.

Input

  • date_part: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, or YEAR (See more details)

  • integer: the number of date_part

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

DATETIME_SUB(DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00"), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE)

Result: 2020-12-25T15:20:00

DATETIME_DIFF

DATETIME_DIFF(datetime1, datetime2, date_part)

Description

Return the difference between two datetimes (dateime1-datetime2). The difference is expressed in units of date_part.

Input

  • datetime1: a DATETIME object or column

  • datetime2: a DATETIME object or column

  • date_part: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK(begins on Sunday), ISOWEEK(begins on Monday), MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, or ISOYEAR (See more details)

Return Data Type

INTEGER

Example

DATETIME_DIFF(DATETIME("2020-12-25 10:20:00"), DATETIME("2020-12-20 15:30:00"), DAY)

Result: 5

DATETIME_TRUNC

DATETIME_TRUNC(datetime, date_part)

Description

Truncate a specific datetime to the start of a given unit of duration and returns a new datetime. The unit of duration is defined by date_part.

Input

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column

  • date_part: can be one of the following: MICROSECOND, MILLISECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, WEEK(), ISOWEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, or ISOYEAR (See more details)

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

DATETIME_TRUNC(DATETIME("2021-04-10 15:30:00"), HOUR)

Result: 2021-04-10T15:00:00

DATETIME_TRUNC(DATETIME("2021-04-10 15:30:00"), MONTH)

Result: 2021-04-01T00:00:00

FORMAT_DATETIME

FORMAT_DATETIME(format, datetime)

Description

Transform a datetime variable into a string variable in a specific format.

Input

  • format: a STRING expression. To see supported format elements, visit here.

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column.

Return Data Type

STRING

Example

FORMAT_DATETIME("%b %Y", DATETIME("2020-12-25 15:30:00"))

Result: Dec 2020

PARSE_DATETIME

PARSE_DATETIME(format, datetime_expression)

Description

Convert a string to a datetime variable according to the specified format.

Input

  • format: a STRING expression. To see supported format elements, visit here.

  • datetime_expression: a STRING object or column.

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

PARSE_DATETIME('%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p', '8/30/2020 2:23:38 PM')

Result: 2020-08-30T14:23:38

LAST_DAY

LAST_DAY(datetime, [date_part])

Description

Extract the last day of a given unit of duration for a given date. The unit of duration is defined by date_part. This is commonly used to return the last day of the month.

  • datetime: a DATETIME object or column

  • date_part: can be one of the following: YEAR, QUARTER, MONTH, WEEK, WEEK(), ISOWEEK, or ISOYEAR (See more details)

Return Data Type

DATETIME

Example

LAST_DAY(DATE('2021-03-25'), MONTH)

Result: 2021-03-31

LAST_DAY(DATE('2021-03-25'), WEEK)

Result: 2021-03-27

Details about date_part

Part

Description

MICROSECOND

The microsecond of the time.

MILLISECOND

The millisecond of the time.

SECOND

The second of the time.

MINUTE

The minute of the time.

HOUR

The hour of the time.

DAYOFWEEK

The weekday from 1 to 7 with Sunday as the first day of the week.

DAY

The day of the month.

DAYOFYEAR

The day of the year.

WEEK

The week number of the date from 0 to 53. (Weeks begin with Sunday, and dates prior to the first Sunday of the year are in week 0)

WEEK(<WEEKDAY>):

The week number of the date from 0 to 53. (You can optionally specify the first weekday of a week and weeks begin with the weekday that you specified. Dates prior to the first <WEEKDAY> of the year are in week 0. Valid values for <WEEKDAY> are SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY.)

ISOWEEK

Returns the ISO 8601 week number of the date from 1 to 53 with Monday as the first day of the week. (The first ISOWEEK of each ISO year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year.)

MONTH

Return the month of the date.

QUARTER

Return values in the range between 1 and 4.

YEAR

Return the month of the year.

ISOYEAR

Return the ISO 8601 week-numbering year, which is the Gregorian calendar year containing the Thursday of the week to which date_expression belongs.

DATE

Return the DATE object in a format of "yyyy-mm-dd".

TIME

Return the TIME object in a format of "HH:MM:SS".

Supported Format Elements

Format element

Description

Example

%A

Return the full weekday name.

Tuesday

%a

Return the abbreviated weekday name.

Tue

%B

Return the full name of the month.

May

%b or %h

Return the abbreviated name of the month.

May

%C

Return the century

20

%c

Return the date and time in a format of "%a %b %e %T %Y"

Tue May 4 15:31:13 2021

%D

Return the date in a format of "%m/%d/%y".

05/04/21

%d

Return the day of the month.

04

%e

Return the day of the month without leading 0.

4

%F

Return the date in a format of "%Y-%m-%d"

2021-05-04

%G

Return the ISO 8601 year with the century. The ISO 8601 year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year.

2021

%g

Return the ISO 8601 year without the century. The ISO 8601 year begins on the Monday before the first Thursday of the Gregorian calendar year.

21

%H

Return the hour in the 24-hour clock (00-23).

15

%I

Return the hour in the 12-hour clock (01-12).

03

%j

Return the day of the year (001-366).

124

%k

Return the hour (0-23) in the 24-hour clock without leading 0.

15

%l

Return the hour (1-12) in the 12-hour clock without leading 0

3

%M

Return the minute of the time (00-59).

31

%m

Return the month of the date (01-12).

05

%n

Return a newline character.

%P

Return a lowercase "am" or "pm".

pm

%p

Return an uppercase "AM" or "PM".

PM

%Q

Return the quarter of the date (1-4).

2

%R

Return the time in a format of "%H:%M".

15:31

%r

Return the time in the 12-hour clock with AM/PM notation.

03:31:13 PM

%S

Return the second of the time (00-60).

13

%s

Return the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

1620142273

%T

Return the time in a format of %H:%M:%S.

15:31:13

%t

Return a tab character.

%U

Return the week number (00-53) of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week

18

%u

Return the weekday of the date as 1-7. Monday is the first day of the week.

2

%V

Return the ISO 8601 week number (01-53) of the year. Monday is the first day of the week. If the week containing January 1 has four or more days in the new year, then it returns "week 1". Otherwise, it returns "week 53" of the previous year, and considers the next week as "week 1".

18

%W

Return the week number(00-53) of the year. Monday is the first day of the week.

18

%w

Return the weekday of the date as 0-6. Sunday is the first day of the week.

2

%X

Return the time in a format of "HH:MM:SS"

15:31:13

%x

Return the date in a format of "MM/DD/YY"

05/04/21

%Y

Return the year with the century

2021

%y

Return the year (00-99) without the century with an optional leading zero. Can be mixed with %C. If %C is not specified, years 00-68 are the 2000s, while years 69-99 are the 1900s.

21

%%

Return a single "%" character.

%

%E#S

Return the seconds with the given number of digits of fractional precision. The "#" should be replaced by a number.

"%E3S" returns 37.021

%E*S

Return the seconds with full fractional precision.

37.021851

%E4Y

Return the year in 4 digits (0000-9999).

2021

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